문법 문제

문제1) 틀린 것을 고치시오.

The actress let the reporters to ask→ask her questions.

사역동사 let + 목적어 + 원형

I'd better not to waste→waste any more of your time.

had better not 원형 ; ~않는 편이 낫다

He's not enougn mature→mature enough to be given so much responsibility.

enough가 형용사/부사를 수식할 경우에는 후위수식

I was made to enter the room by myself.

사역동사 make가 수동태에 쓰이면, 능동태의 목적보어 원형은 to부정사로 바뀜.

I must have someone to carry→carry the box for me.

사역동사 have + 목적어 + 원형

I cannot but to feel→feel sorry for his failure.

can't but 원형 = can't help ~ing ; ~하지 않을 수 없다

Company rules forbade us to smoke in the factory.

forbid A to do ; A가 ~하는 것을 금하다

Are all of us necessary to be present at the meeting this afternoon?

Is it necessary for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon?

necessary는 사람을 주어로 사용치 않습니다.

She did nothing but to cry→cry all day long.

do nothing but 원형 ; ~하기만 한다

Let it be not done.

Let it not be done. 혹은 Don't let it be done

부정명령문의 수동태입니다. 주어진 문장을 능동으로 바꾸면

Don't do it

Could I get you to do me a  small favor?

get 목적어(A) to부정사 ; (A)가 ~하게 하다

직역 ; 당신이 나에게 작은 호의를 베풀도록 해도 되겠습니까?

의미는 ‘부탁이 있는데 들어주시겠습니까?’

I've found it advantageous to combine my business trip with my vacation.

가목적어 it이 필요함.

진목적어 ; to combine ~~ 이하.

주어진 문장은 advantageous가 목적보어인 5형식 문장임.

5형식 문장에서 목적어가 to부정사 혹은 ‘절’일 경우에는 가목적어 it을 사용해야 함.

He is reported to be→to have been killed in the war.

전쟁에서 죽은 것은 보도된 것보다 더 이전의 사실.

이처럼 술어동사(is reported)보다 한 시제 더 과거를 나타낼 경우에는 완료부정사(to have pp)를 사용해야 함.

I expect seeing→to see him on Monday.

expect는 동명사가 아닌 to부정사를 목적어로 취함.

I did not know to whom ask→whom to ask the questions of.

‘의문사 + to부정사’ 구문임.

She allowed herself to kiss→to be kissed by him.

목적어 herself가 kiss하는 게 아니라, kiss받는다는 의미이니 수동형 부정사가 필요함.

He always enjoys to read→reading a detective story.

enjoy는 to부정사가 아닌 동명사를 목적어로 취함.

You should have known better than to believe such a foolish thing.

know better than to do ; ~할 바보는 아니다. ~할 만큼 어리석지 않다.

해석 ; 너는 그런 것을 믿을 만큼 어리석지 말았어야 했다.

should have pp ; `하지 말았어야 했다(그런데 했다)

문제2) 다음 각 문장을 부정사를 이용하여 단문으로 바꾸시오.

It seems that she was beautiful in her day.

She seems to have been beautiful in her day.

완료부정사(to have been)를 쓴다는 게 포인트.

완료부정사는 술어동사(seems)보다 한 시제 더 과거를 나타냄.

Do you promise that you'll never repeat what I've just said?

Do you promise never to repeat what I've just said?

I expected that you would be promoted to the new position.

I expected you to be promoted to the new position.

I hoped that I would finish the work by six, but I couldn't do so.

I hoped to have finished the work by six,

소망동사(want, hope, wish...), 의도동사(intend)는 다음과 같은 형태로 ‘과거에 이루지 못한 소망/의도’를 나타냄.

소망동사/의도동사의 과거형 + 완료부정사

It is natural that you should get angry.

It is natural for you to get angry.

It is believed that he is living a comfortable life.

He is believed to be living a comfortable life.

I firmly believed that he had been innocent of the crime.

I firmly believed him to have been innocent of the crime.

I hurried to the station lest I should be late for the train.

I hurried to the station not to be late for the train.

~하지 않기 위하여

not to V

= in order not to V

= so as not to V

= in order that 주어 may(will, can) not V

= so that 주어 may(will, can) not V

= lest 주어 should V

= for fear 주어 should V

It is desirable that the examination results be made public by them.

It is desirable for the examination results to be made public by them.

I regret that I must inform you of this sad news.

I regret to have to inform you of this sad news.

The state of the art equipment was so expensive that we couldn't buy it.

The state of the art equipment was too expensive for us to buy

state of the art ; 최신식의

He left Korea and never returned.

He left Korea never to return

He tried, but only failed.

He tried only to fail

Actors are usually the kind of people who love being the center of attention.

Actors are usually the kind of people to love being the center of attention

She had no money that she could send to her son.

She had no money to send to her son.

They were surprised when they saw such beautiful scenery.

They were surprised to see such beautiful scenery.

Tom, it's time you should wash up and go to bed.

Tom, it's time for you to wash up and go to bed.